Food allergy (2024)

A food allergy is where your body reacts to certain foods. It's often mild, but can be very serious for some people.

Check if it's a food allergy

Symptoms of a food allergy can affect any part of the body, including different parts of the body at the same time.

Common symptoms of a food allergy include:

  • feeling dizzy or lightheaded
  • itchy skin or a raised rash (hives)
  • swelling of the lips, face and eyes (angioedema)
  • coughing, wheezing, breathlessness, noisy breathing or a hoarse voice
  • sneezing or an itchy, runny or blocked nose
  • feeling sick or being sick
  • tummy pain
  • diarrhoea

You may get symptoms straight after eating the food you're allergic to, or days later.

Information:

A food allergy is different from having a food intolerance, which causes symptoms such as bloating and tummy pain, usually a few hours after eating the food you're intolerant to.

Immediate action required: Call 999 if:

  • your lips, mouth, throat or tongue suddenly become swollen
  • you're breathing very fast or struggling to breathe (you may become very wheezy or feel like you're choking or gasping for air)
  • your throat feels tight or you're struggling to swallow
  • your skin, tongue or lips turn blue, grey or pale (if you have black or brown skin, this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet)
  • you suddenly become very confused, drowsy or dizzy
  • someone faints and cannot be woken up
  • a child is limp, floppy or not responding like they normally do (their head may fall to the side, backwards or forwards, or they may find it difficult to lift their head or focus on your face)

You or the person who's unwell may also have a rash that's swollen, raised or itchy.

These can be signs of a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital.

Information:

If you have an adrenaline auto-injector

If you or someone you're with is having a serious allergic reaction and has an adrenaline auto-injector (such as an EpiPen), you should use it immediately.

Instructions are included on the side of the injector if you forget how to use it or someone else needs to give you the injection.

Call 999 for an ambulance after using the injector, even if you or the person you're with seems to be feeling better.

Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:

  • you think you or your child may have a food allergy

Causes of food allergy

A food allergy is caused by your immune system overreacting to certain types of food.

It's not clear why this happens, but certain foods are more likely to cause an allergic reaction in some people.

The most common allergic foods include:

  • cows' milk
  • eggs
  • peanuts, soybeans, peas and chickpeas
  • tree nuts, such as walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, cashews, pistachios and Brazil nuts
  • shellfish, such as prawns, crab and lobster
  • wheat

But you can be allergic to any type of food, including celery, mustard, sesame seeds and lupin flour found in some baked goods.

You have a slightly higher chance of getting a food allergy if you or a close family member have other allergies, asthma or eczema.

Information:

Oral allergy syndrome

Some people get an itchy mouth and throat after eating raw fruit or vegetables. This is called oral allergy syndrome.

It's not usually serious and eating fruit and vegetables that have been well cooked helps.

Find out more about oral allergy syndrome on Allergy UK

Tests for food allergy

You may be referred to a specialist for tests if a GP thinks you have a food allergy.

Tests you may have include:

  • a skin-prick test (where a drop of liquid containing a food you may be allergic to is put on your skin to see if it reacts)
  • blood tests
  • a special diet where you avoid eating the food you might be allergic to, to see if your symptoms get better

You may also be asked to keep a food and symptoms diary to help work out what may be triggering your symptoms.

Find out more about keeping a food and symptoms diary on Allergy UK

Treatments for a food allergy

If you have a food allergy, you will not be able to eat the food you're allergic to, including foods where you're allergic to any of the ingredients.

You'll be given medicines to help manage your symptoms or use in case of an emergency.

These include:

  • antihistamines for mild allergic reactions
  • emergency medicines called adrenaline auto-injectors, such as an EpiPen, for severe allergic reactions

Your specialist will give you an allergy management plan that will explain how to manage your allergy.

Children with a peanut allergy may have immunotherapy to help their bodies become less sensitive to peanuts, but they should still avoid eating peanuts.

Things you can do if you have a food allergy

There are steps you can take to help manage your food allergy.

Do

  • check food labels and restaurant menus carefully to make sure they do not contain the food you're allergic to

  • tell friends, family, nursery, school and work about your allergy

  • carry 2 adrenaline auto-injectors with you at all times, if you need them

  • tell staff at restaurants and cafés about your allergy

  • tell airlines and cabin staff about your allergy before you fly

  • wipe down surfaces in public before eating

Don’t

  • do not eat foods without checking what ingredients are in them first

  • do not cut foods out of your diet without speaking to a GP

Page last reviewed: 05 January 2023
Next review due: 05 January 2026

Food allergy (2024)

FAQs

What is the answer to a food allergy? ›

Food Allergy. An allergy occurs when your body's natural defenses overreact to exposure to a particular substance, treating it as an invader and sending out chemicals to defend against it.

What probiotics are good for food intolerance? ›

rhamnosus. Consumption of prebiotic foods as supplements should also be recommended. For food-intolerant patients, suggest probiotics such as Lactobacilli, Bacillus coagulans, and Saccharomyces boulardii. For patients with histamine intolerance, histamine-degrading strains may provide the most relief.

What causes 90% of food allergies? ›

These eight foods account for 90 percent of food allergic reactions. They are milk, eggs, fish (such as bass, flounder, cod), crustacean shellfish (such as crab, lobster, shrimp), tree nuts (such as almonds, walnuts, pecans), peanuts, wheat and soybeans.

How to flush food allergens out of your system? ›

If symptoms are severe, that means administering epinephrine. There is no way to flush food allergens out of your system. Rather, you need to avoid ingesting the food that triggers your allergy. And if severe symptoms occur, you need to treat the symptoms, with epinephrine.

What is an allergy answer? ›

Q 1: What is allergy? Allergy occurs when a person's immune system reacts to substances in the environment that are harmless to most people. These substances are known as allergens and are found in dust mites, pets, pollen, insects, ticks, moulds, foods, and drugs (medications).

What are the 3 main food allergies? ›

What Are Major Food Allergens? While many different foods can cause allergic reactions, the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA) identifies eight foods as major food allergens: milk, eggs, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans.

What is the only cure for food intolerance sensitivity? ›

Food intolerances tend to be lifelong. Most people can manage symptoms if they reduce or cut out foods that cause digestive problems. Food intolerance may be an inconvenience (and the symptoms unpleasant), but it isn't a life-threatening problem like a food allergy.

Can probiotics reverse food allergies? ›

Probiotics can play a vital role in the prevention and cure of all kinds of food allergy, and it has the potential to heal the immune system disorder caused by food allergy.

Do digestive enzymes help with food sensitivity? ›

And whereas food allergies are critical conditions, serious and always to be watched for, food sensitivities are frequently and easily treated by using supplemental digestive enzymes. Food sensitivity is a state in which the body lacks the proper amount of enzymes to break down the food substance in question.

What is the #1 food allergy? ›

Shellfish. The most common food allergen comes from the seafood section. Shellfish allergies are the top food allergy for adults and the overall population. People can be allergic to crustaceans (such as shrimp, crab and lobster) or mollusks (like clams, oysters, scallops, snails and octopus).

What happens if you keep eating food you're allergic to? ›

They can manifest as a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from itching, redness and swelling for milder reactions, to vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing and other potentially life-threatening symptoms for severe reactions.

What is the best home remedy for food allergies? ›

However, if you come in contact with a trigger food, there are several steps you can take at home to get relief. For example, sipping ginger tea, eating probiotic-rich foods, and taking antihistamines can help ease the discomfort of a mild food allergy. These remedies can help you feel better.

What destroys food allergies? ›

There is no cure for a food allergy. The only way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid eating the food containing the protein. The body can react in many ways to an allergen such as: developing hives, swelling, pain, vomiting, difficulty breathing, dizziness and collapse.

How to heal the gut from food allergies? ›

Probiotics (substances that promote the proliferation of microorganisms) alleviate food allergy via several mechanisms. They increase the number of commensal gut bacteria that interact with the gut's immune system to help it tolerate food.

Does Benadryl help with food intolerance? ›

Use an over-the-counter antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or loratadine (Claritin), to treat mild symptoms. Read and follow all instructions on the label. Mild symptoms include sneezing or an itchy or runny nose; an itchy mouth; a few hives or mild itching; and mild nausea or stomach discomfort.

How to respond to a food allergy? ›

Lay the person flat, raise legs and keep warm. If breathing is difficult or they are vomiting, let them sit up or lie on their side. If symptoms do not improve, or symptoms return, more doses of epinephrine can be given about 5 minutes or more after the last dose. Alert emergency contacts.

What is a true food allergy response? ›

Symptoms of allergic reactions to foods are generally seen on the skin (hives, itchiness, swelling of the skin). Gastrointestinal symptoms may include vomiting and diarrhea. Respiratory symptoms may accompany skin and gastrointestinal symptoms, but don't usually occur alone.

Which is a common food allergen answer? ›

Common foods like peanut, tree nuts, milk, egg, soy, wheat, shellfish and fish cause most allergic reactions. Study indicates that half of all fatal food allergy reactions begin outside the home. Some states have – and more are expected to – pass legislation requiring food allergy training.

What are some responses or results of food allergies? ›

itchy skin or a raised rash (hives) swelling of the lips, face and eyes (angioedema) coughing, wheezing, breathlessness, noisy breathing or a hoarse voice. sneezing or an itchy, runny or blocked nose.

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