Haggis | Definition, Origin, & Facts (2024)

food

verifiedCite

While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.

Select Citation Style

Feedback

Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

Print

verifiedCite

While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.

Select Citation Style

Feedback

Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

haggis, the national dish of Scotland, a type of pudding composed of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep (or other animal), minced and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices. The mixture is packed into a sheep’s stomach and boiled.

Though regarded since the mid-18th century as a distinctively Scottish dish, it was long popular in England, as English writer Gervase Markham (c. 1568–1637) testified in The English Huswife (1615). Its origin, however, is still more ancient, for Marcus Apicius, Aristophanes, and even Homer allude to dishes of similar composition. The derivation of the term haggis, first attested in the 15th century, is unknown.

Haggis | Definition, Origin, & Facts (2)

Britannica Quiz

What’s on the Menu? Vocabulary Quiz

Haggis is inexpensive, savory, and nourishing. In Scotland it formerly was considered a rustic dish and was so celebrated in Robert Burns’s lines “To a Haggis” (1786), but in the 21st century haggis is served with some ceremony, even bagpipes, particularly on Burns Night (held annually on January 25, Burns’s birthday) and Hogmanay, as the Scots call their New Year’s celebrations.

Haggis is usually accompanied by turnips (called “swedes” or “neeps”) and mashed potatoes (“tatties”); Scotch whisky is the customary drink.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.

Haggis | Definition, Origin, & Facts (2024)

FAQs

Where did haggis originally come from? ›

What are some interesting facts about haggis? ›

Although the name "hagws" or "hagese" was first recorded in England c. 1430, the dish is considered traditionally of Scottish origin. It is even the national dish, as a result of Scots poet Robert Burns' poem "Address to a Haggis" of 1786.

Who was the first person to eat haggis? ›

Some claim that the dish originates from the days of the old Scottish cattle drovers, when the men would leave the Highlands to drive their cattle to market in Edinburgh and the women would prepare a 'ready meal' for them to eat on the long journey through the glens.

Why is haggis so important to Scotland? ›

Scotland's iconic dish began as a nod to the necessities of harder times, when using as much as possible of a slain animal was essential. But while some cuts of meat could be salted or dried for preservation if not eaten immediately, internal organs were far more perishable.

When did haggis become illegal? ›

Haggis imports into the United States were prohibited in 1971 as part of a ban on the consumption of all livestock lungs.

Why is haggis eaten on Burns Night? ›

The dish was popularised by Robert Burns in his poem Address To A Haggis. Later, in 1801, when his friends got together to celebrate his life five years after his death, they served haggis in his memory. Since then the unusual food has become the centre of Burns Night.

What is the myth of the haggis? ›

Legend surrounds the wild haggis. According to many cryptid directories, the wild haggis is an unbalanced beast whose legs of unequal length enable it to lope up steep Scottish hillsides with ease.

What is haggis animal called? ›

In the heart of the Scottish Highlands, where the mist hangs low and the sheep roam free, there exists a mystical creature that has captured the imaginations of both locals and adventurous tourists alike - the elusive Highland Haggis (given the taxonomic moniker Haggis scoticus) - a creature of unparalleled stealth, ...

What is the national dish of the haggis? ›

haggis, the national dish of Scotland, a type of pudding composed of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep (or other animal), minced and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices.

Is haggis healthy for you? ›

Is Haggis Healthy? It isn't unhealthy! The contested inclusion of offal like liver and heart in haggis means that the meaty version is high in vitamins and minerals like iron and magnesium. Haggis is usually quite healthy if eaten traditionally as a main meal as it's accompanied by mashed boiled potatoes and turnips.

Do all Scots eat haggis? ›

In essence, haggis is a traditional Scottish dish that most scots love and will have grown up eating from early childhood.

Is haggis peasant food? ›

For those unfamiliar with this national dish of Scotland, it is the definition of peasant food. It consists of the sheep heart, liver and lungs, finely minced and combined with onion, suet, oatmeal and spices and then stuffed into a sheep's stomach.

What does the Scottish word haggis mean? ›

hag·​gis ˈha-gəs. : a traditionally Scottish dish that consists of the heart, liver, and lungs of a sheep or a calf minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, and seasonings and boiled in the stomach of the animal.

What is the brief history of haggis? ›

Haggis has even been attributed to France due to their old alliance with Scotland, and they may have introduced in the late 13th century. However, the earliest written reference to a haggis-like sausage comes from the Greek playwright Aristophanes, who mentioned it in 423 BC.

Do people in Scotland like haggis? ›

From traditional haggis, neeps and tatties with whisky sauce to modern dishes with a twist like haggis Scotch quail's eggs, haggis-topped nachos or the excellent Balmoral Chicken, (which is a succulent chicken breast stuffed with spicy haggis and wrapped in sizzling bacon), haggis is favoured year-round in Scotland and ...

Why is sheep lung illegal in the US? ›

American regulations forbid the eating of lungs from any livestock. This stricture stems from side effects caused by the slaughtering of these animals. Namely, that fluids from other parts of the body, like stomach acids, end up trapped in the lungs, due to an acid-reflux-like reaction.

Is haggis Irish or Scottish? ›

haggis, the national dish of Scotland, a type of pudding composed of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep (or other animal), minced and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices.

Did Vikings eat haggis? ›

The "natonal dish of Scotand", invented by Vikings

Haggis is considered the “national dish” of Scotland, occupying an important place in Scottish culture and national identity. The origins of Haggis are not definitely known, but many scots have assumed it must be of Scottish origin.

Did the Romans invent haggis? ›

Haggis' origins are shrouded in mystery. There is no telling where – or when – it came into being. Some believe that it was brought over by the Romans. Although evidence is scarce, their version – made from pork – probably began as a rudimentary means of preserving meat during hunts.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Nathanial Hackett

Last Updated:

Views: 5728

Rating: 4.1 / 5 (72 voted)

Reviews: 95% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Nathanial Hackett

Birthday: 1997-10-09

Address: Apt. 935 264 Abshire Canyon, South Nerissachester, NM 01800

Phone: +9752624861224

Job: Forward Technology Assistant

Hobby: Listening to music, Shopping, Vacation, Baton twirling, Flower arranging, Blacksmithing, Do it yourself

Introduction: My name is Nathanial Hackett, I am a lovely, curious, smiling, lively, thoughtful, courageous, lively person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.