A Consumer Economy [ushistory.org] (2024)

A Consumer Economy [ushistory.org] (1)

A Consumer Economy [ushistory.org] (2)
Santa waves to children outside a department store during a Thanksgiving Day Parade.

The 1920s was a decade of increasing conveniences for the middle class. New products made household chores easier and led to more leisure time. Products previously too expensive became affordable. New forms of financing allowed every family to spend beyond their current means. Advertising capitalized on people's hopes and fears to sell more and more goods.

Changing Housework

A Consumer Economy [ushistory.org] (3)
The Regent Theater, America's First Movie Palace

By the end of the 1920s, household work was revolutionized. A typical work week for a housewife before the twenties involved many tedious chores. All the furniture was moved off the carpets, which were rolled up and dragged outside to beat out the week's dirt and dust. The ice in the icebox was replaced and the waterpan that lay beneath was repeatedly changed. The clothes were scrubbed in a washing tub on a washboard. An iron was heated on the stove to smooth out the wrinkles. Women typically spent the summer months canning food for the long winter. Clothes were made from patterns, and bread was made from scratch. Very few of these practices were necessary by the end of the decade. Vacuum cleaners displaced the carpet beater. Electric refrigerators, washing machines, and irons saved hours of extra work. New methods of canning and freezing made store-bought food cheap and effective enough to eliminate this chore. Off-the-rack clothing became more and more widespread. Even large bakeries were supplying bread to the new supermarkets. The hours saved in household work were countless.

Buying on Credit

"Buy now, pay later" became the credo of many middle class Americans of the Roaring Twenties. For the single-income family, all these new conveniences were impossible to afford at once. But retailers wanted the consumer to have it all. Department stores opened up generous lines of credit for those who could not pay up front but could demonstrate the ability to pay in the future. Similar installment plans were offered to buyers who could not afford the lump sum, but could afford "twelve easy payments." Over half of the nation's automobiles were sold on credit by the end of the decade. America's consumers could indeed have it all, if they had an iron stomach for debt. Consumer debt more than doubled between 1920 and 1930.

Advertising

Fueling consumer demand were new techniques in advertising. This was not a new business, but in the increasingly competitive marketplace, manufacturers looked to more and more aggressive advertising campaigns. One major trend of the decade was to use pop psychology methods to convince Americans that the product was needed. The classic example was the campaign for Listerine. Using a seldom heard term for bad breath — halitosis — Listerine convinced thousands of Americans to buy their product. Consumers might not have known what halitosis was, but they surely knew they did not want it.

Advertisers were no longer simply responding to demand; they were creating demand. Radio became an important new means of communicating a business message. Testimonials from Hollywood film stars sold products in record numbers.

The advertising business created demand for the gadgets and appliances being manufactured by American factories.

A Consumer Economy [ushistory.org] (2024)

FAQs

How did easy consumer credit help the US economy during the early 1920s? ›

The expansion of credit in the 1920s allowed for the sale of more consumer goods and put automobiles within reach of average Americans. Now individuals who could not afford to purchase a car at full price could pay for that car over time -- with interest, of course!

What was credit like in the 1920s? ›

Installment credit soared during the 1920s. Banks offered the country's first home mortgages. Manufacturers of everything--from cars to irons--allowed consumers to pay "on time." About 60 percent of all furniture and 75 percent of all radios were purchased on installment plans.

How did the production of new consumer goods affect the economy in the 1920s? ›

The 1920s was a decade of increasing conveniences for the middle class. New products made household chores easier and led to more leisure time. Products previously too expensive became affordable. New forms of financing allowed every family to spend beyond their current means.

How did the Roaring Twenties change marketing to consumers? ›

Advances in technology, mass production, and new advertising methods led to a vibrant consumer culture. Advertising came into its own throughout the 1920s. Installment buying, or buying on credit, allowed Americans to purchase expensive items like automobiles and refrigerators. The Sears, Roebuck & Co.

How did easy consumer credit help the US economy during the early 1920s brainly? ›

Explanation: During the early 1920s, easy consumer credit helped the U.S. economy by allowing people to purchase goods on credit. This led to increased consumer spending and higher demand for products. As a result, businesses experienced higher sales and profits, which stimulated economic growth.

How did consumers weaken the economy in the late 1920s? ›

The correct answer is B: Consumers bought too many goods they could not afford. The late 1920s is the time of the Great Depression, according to economic history. The number of goods produced increased, and people purchased more than they could pay for.

How did attitudes toward credit and consumerism change in the 1920s? ›

How did attitudes toward credit and consumerism change in the 1920s? Higher wages and shorter workdays resulted in a decade-long buying spree that kept the economy booming. Shifting from traditional attitudes of thrift and prudence, Americans in the 1920s enthusiastically accepted their new role as consumers.

What problems might easy credit have caused in the decades following the 1920s? ›

Final answer: Easy credit after the 1920s led to consumer overextension, debt accumulation, and masked underlying economic problems. The reliance on credit contributed to the stock market crash of 1929 and had similarities with the 2008 financial crisis, showcasing the danger of a credit-driven economy.

What role did credit play in the American economy in the 1920s quizlet? ›

What role did credit play in the American economy in the 1920's? 1920s credit helped businesses and corporations boost their profits and sales.

What was the most important consumer product of the 1920's and why? ›

But the most important consumer product of the 1920s was the automobile. Low prices (the Ford Model T cost just $260 in 1924) and generous credit made cars affordable luxuries at the beginning of the decade; by the end, they were practically necessities.

What were four problems with the economy in the 1920s? ›

By the end of the decade several problems in the economy were becoming apparent including speculation, poverty, overproduction and tariffs. Why was speculation a long-term weakness in the 1920s American economy? Speculation was buying shares to sell for a profit, based on the belief that prices would carry on rising.

Who did not benefit from the economic boom in the 1920s? ›

Generally, groups such as farmers, black Americans, immigrants. and the older industries did not enjoy the prosperity of the “Roaring Twenties”.

What could a dollar buy in 1920? ›

What Could a Dollar Buy You in the 1920s?
  • Movie Tickets (For the Whole Family) In 1920, a movie ticket cost about $0.15, so you could take the whole family — Mom, Dad, and four kids — and still not spend a dollar. ...
  • A Vinyl Record. ...
  • A Restaurant Meal (For Two) ...
  • Three Gallons of Gas. ...
  • Groceries. ...
  • Clothes.
May 5, 2024

Why did the American economy begin booming in the 1920s? ›

The main reasons for America's economic boom in the 1920s were technological progress which led to the mass production of goods, the electrification of America, new mass marketing techniques, the availability of cheap credit and increased employment which, in turn, created a huge amount of consumers.

What was the rich lifestyle in the 1920s? ›

Also known as the leisure class, the wealthy elite lived the luxury of a labor-less life, a life defined in the 1920s by the extra hours of personal indulgence and extreme disposable income afforded. They had expensive toys, expensive tastes, and a desperate need to stay relevant.

What effect did the use of credit on the economy in the 1920s? ›

The correct answer is Option D) it made the economy weaker.

In the year of 1920s, the economy took a large amount of credit to fulfill its needs. The use of more credit will lead to a weaker form of economy.

What effect did the use of credit have on the economy in the 1920s quizlet? ›

What effect did the overuse of credit have on the economy in the 1920s? It made the economy weaker. How did the overproduction of goods in the 1920s affect consumer prices, and in turn, the economy? Consumer demand decreased, prices decreased, and the economy slowed.

What was the role of the consumer credit in the expansion of the 1920s economy and why might this pose a problem in the future? ›

Consumer credit allowed the 1920s economy to expand by letting people with lower incomes participate in the consumer culture of the times. However, much of this was built on nonexistent money: as such, the mass amount of consumer debt that would become unrepayable if the economy soured posed a problem.

What role did credit play in the success of the US economy in the 1920s quizlet? ›

What role did credit play in the American economy in the 1920's? 1920s credit helped businesses and corporations boost their profits and sales. When the stock market crashed, the excessive credit that was issued forced the consumers into poverty. As a result, businesses failed.

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